Botox how is it made

Doctors use it in small doses to treat health problems, including. Botox injections work by weakening or paralyzing certain muscles or by blocking certain nerves.

The effects last about three to twelve months, depending on what you are treating. The most common side effects are pain, swelling, or bruising at the injection site. You could also have flu-like symptoms, headache, and upset stomach. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data.

We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification. I Accept Show Purposes. Skin Anti-Aging. By Erin Celletti. Erin Celletti. Byrdie's Editorial Guidelines. She specializes in leading-edge facial rejuvenation techniques. Fact checked by Sabrina Crews. Botox Risks. Meet the Expert Dr.

Featured Video. Article Sources. Byrdie takes every opportunity to use high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial guidelines to learn more about how we keep our content accurate, reliable and trustworthy. Related Stories. This is critical to the safety and quality of the end product. In this way the workers are never in direct contact with production line.

Even the air is recycled times faster than standard air conditioning. In between adjusting the machines they sit with their hands held out in front of them, not touching their lap, to further eliminate any chance of contamination. Allergan have auditing visits each year from global drug administration authorities, including the US Food and Drug Administration FDA , and always get an unblemished report, confirming their unsurpassable standards.

Active contraction of the muscles under treatment may increase the uptake of toxin and decrease its diffusion. The ptosis usually lasts two to six weeks. It can be treated with apraclonidine 0. This treatment usually can raise the eyelid mm. The treatment of one to two drops three times per day continues until the ptosis resolves.

To avoid ptosis, place injections 1 cm above the eyebrow and do not cross the midpupillary line. Apraclonidine is contraindicated in patients with documented hypersensitivity. Phenylephrine 2. Neo-Synephrine is contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma and in patients with aneurysms. Weakness of the lower eyelid or lateral rectus can occur following injection of the lateral orbicularis oculi.

If severe lower lid weakness occurs, an exposure keratitis may result and if the lateral rectus is weakened, diplopia results. Treatment is symptomatic. Patients receiving injections into the neck muscles for torticollis may therefore develop dysphagia because of diffusion of the toxin into the oropharynx.

When this occurs, it usually lasts only a few days or weeks. Some patients may require soft foods. Although a swallowing weakness does not herald systemic toxicity, if it is severe, patients may be at risk of aspiration.

Some patients experience neck weakness, which is especially noticeable when attempting to raise the head from a supine position. This occurs after weakening of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, either from direct injection or diffusion. This is more common in women with long thin necks.

Avoid these adverse effects by using the lowest effective doses and precisely placing toxin into the platysma. Distant effects shown by specialized electromyographic tests can also occur, but weakness of distant muscles or generalized weakness, possibly due to the toxin spreading in the blood, is very rare.

Ideally, patients should stop taking these products two weeks before the procedure. This is thought to be due to the trauma of the injection and not something inherent in the toxin. In fact, botulinum toxin injections are extremely safe.

To date, no significant long-term hazards of botulinum toxin injections have been identified in excess of placebo groups. Other systemic side effects include an influenza-like illness and, rarely, brachial plexopathy, which may be immune mediated. Gallbladder dysfunction attributed to autonomic side effects of the toxin and a case of necrotizing fasciitis in a immunosuppressed woman with blepharospasm have been noted.

Botulinum toxin is contraindicated in patients afflicted with a preexisting motor neuron disease, myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, neuropathies, psychological unstability, history of reaction to toxin or albumin, pregnancy and lactating females, and infection at the injection site. Careful monitoring should be done in children as it might alter cell functions such as axonal growth.

Some medications decrease neuromuscular transmission and generally should be avoided in patients treated with botulinum toxin. These include aminoglycosides may increase effect of botulinum toxin , penicillamine, quinine, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine may reduce effect , calcium channel blockers, and blood thining agents eg.

Some patients do not respond to injections and, having never previously responded, are designated as primary nonresponders. Many reasons may lead to a lack of response. Patients with rhytids that are not dynamic in origin eg, photodamage, age-related changes do not respond. Improper injection technique or the denatured toxin may also result into therapeutic failure. Some patients may have neutralizing antibodies from prior subclinical exposure, or individual variations in docking proteins may exist.

Most of these patients may have developed neutralizing antibodies. Type A botulinum toxin has widened its clinical range of applications, but the risk of developing antibodies limits the repeated use of high-dose injection.

Other serotypes of botulinum toxin are being investigated as useful alternatives. Botulinum toxin type F differs from type A, mainly by its lower potency, efficacy and shorter duration of action[ 37 ] and blocks a different SNARE protein as compared to type A toxin.

Therefore, a combination of toxins A and F has been suggested to reduce the total units and overall antigenic dose. The use of botulinum toxins has revolutionised the treatment of various ophthalmic spastic disorders, facial dystonias and periocular wrinkles. Adverse effects are usually mild and transient. The most common substantive complication is excessive or unwanted weakness, and this resolves as the action of the toxin is lost. Brow ptosis, eyelid ptosis, neck weakness, dysphagia, and diplopia may occur.

Knowledge of the functional anatomy and experience with the procedure help injectors avoid complications. In future, the development of new potent toxins with increasing effectiveness and duration of effect will further aid this expanding and interesting field of chemodenervation. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: Nil. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Indian J Dermatol v. Indian J Dermatol.

P K Nigam and Anjana Nigam 1. Find articles by P K Nigam. Find articles by Anjana Nigam. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Address for correspondence: Dr. P K Nigam, Prof. Hospital, Raipur - , C. E-mail: ni. Received Dec; Accepted May.